Note that most crude oils contain substantially more hydrogen than coals. Physical properties and composition of crude oil provide critical information for the optimum operation of a petroleum refinery. The following subsections present overviews of petroleum products. Natural gas composition and specifications print natural gas as recovered at the wellhead consists of mostly methane c 1, but it contains other hydrocarbons, principally ethane c 2, propane c 3, butanes c 4, and pentanes c 5 that constitute the natural gas liquids, as. A condensate is distinguished from a light oil in that the former usually, but not always, has a gasoil ratio greater than 5000 cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil. Fibers, chemical fibers made from natural and synthetic organic polymers. The word petroleum originates from the latin petra rock and oleum oil. Chapter 2 origin, composition and properties of petroleum. Chemical fibers article about chemical fibers by the. What is the chemical composition of petroleum and natural gas. In fact, its chemical and physical fractional composition can vary not only with the location and age of the oil field but also with the depth of the individual well.
Seventysix samples of formation waters were collected from oil wells producing from the aux vases or cypress formations in the illinois basin. Thus, the chemical composition of a crude oil and its various boiling range fractions influence refinery investment requirements and. The most common example of petroleum use whether its a gas or liquid is with cars. Depending on the type of raw material, chemical fibers are divided into synthetic from synthetic polymers and natural from natural polymers categories. Here is a look at what petroleum jelly is and its chemical composition. Both the physical nature and chemical composition of petroleum are determined initially by the type of organic matter in the source rock where the petroleum is generated. Natural gas composition and specifications fsc 432. Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. It is wellknown that the chemical composition of crude oil differs according to the site of production, and its grade varies from waxy to asphaltenic crude. This third edition of elements of petroleum geology is completely updated and revised to reflect the vast changes in the field since publication of the second edition.
The main forms of petroleum are natural gas, condensate, and crude oil, the liquid part. Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multihydrocarbon, cas number 8009038, is a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25, originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties after petroleum jelly became a medicine chest staple, consumers began to use it for many ailments, as well as cosmetic purposes. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Analytical methods and techniques applied to crude oil and. After the grain is milled or pulverized the free fatty acid content rises to much higher levels within a. Click download or read online button to get petroleum geology book now. The free fatty acid content of the oil in the kernel ranges 310% for sound, viable grain. Mittal introduction petroleum is a form of bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbons and existing in the gaseous or liquid state in its natural reservoir. Chemical composition of petroleum free download as powerpoint presentation. Chemical composition and fuel properties of alternative jet fuels. Fibers prepared from inorganic compounds glass, metal, basalt, or quartz are sometimes also regarded as chemical fibers. Specifications, sampling, measurement, accuracy, precision, method validation, chemical composition, elemental composition, chemical composition. Typical composition of petroleum is as element %age carbon 8487 hydrogen 1115 nitrogen 0. Forty core samples of the reservoir rocks were also collected from the two formations.
Quantitative molecular composition of heavy petroleum. Holstein, editor vi emerging and peripheral technologies. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. Arnold, editor iv production operations engineering joe dunn clegg, editor v reservoir engineering and petrophysics edward d. Physical and chemical properties of petroleum slideshare. Highresolution mass spectrometry enables molecular characterization of heavy petroleum fractions for petroleomics research. Since then, it has been used in various ointments and as a lubricant. A refinerys processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil feedstock and the chosen slate of petroleum products. Chemical composition of gasphase organic carbon emissions. Characterization and properties of petroleum fractions. Proper classification and an understanding of the chemical and physical properties of these substances helps determine the hazard to personnel and wildlife, the effects that. Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes. The chemistry and technology of petroleum crc press book.
These factors underlie the need for this fifth edition of the chemistry and technology of petroleum, which continues in the tradition of the bestselling fourth edition, proving readers with a detailed overview of the chemistry and technology of petroleum as it evolves into the twentyfirst century. Types of petroleum oils us environmental protection agency. Msds browser format petroleum ether material safety data. Chemical composition of petroleum petroleum is not a uniform material.
Petroleum geology download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. This book is a usefulprimer for geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum engineers in the oil industry who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their specialized area. Analytical methods and techniques applied to crude oil and petroleum products james g. Analyses of the samples indicated that the total dissolved solids content tds of the waters ranged from 43,300 to 151,400 mgl, far exceeding the 35,400 mgl of. However, results from mass spectrometry are usually not quantitative. Petroleum products are the basic materials used for the manufacture of synthetic fibers for clothing and in plastics, paints, fertilizers, insecticides, soaps, and synthetic rubber.
Origin, composition, and internal structure of the earth. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. Natural gas is compreesed to liquify it used for house hold purposes. Specifically, it examines the inputs, analytical methods, fates, and effects of petroleum in the marine environment. Petroleum oil is made free of water sediments and salts then dissolved gases. Petroleum petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellowtoblack liquid found in geologic formations beneath the earths surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Thus, the chemical composition of a crude oil and its various boiling range fractions influence refinery investment requirements and refinery energy use, the two largest components of total refining cost. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. This book deals with some important topics related to petroleum such as its chemical composition and stability. Like the various fuel products derived from crude petroleum. With more chemical detail than previous studies, we report emission factors for over 230 compounds from gasoline and. This chapter discusses the generation in the source rock, migration to the reservoir, and remobilization of petroleum to a new reservoir.
Low boiling point, low aromatics or aromatics free generic hydrocarbon solvents. Chemical composition of petroleum petroleum distillation. The example refinery flow scheme presented in figure 5. Petroleum refining design and applications handbook. Motor vehicles are major sources of gasphase organic carbon, which includes volatile organic compounds vocs and other compounds with lower vapor pressures. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. These emissions react in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol soa. This paper provides strategies and solutions for obtaining quantitative analysis of a heavy petroleum fraction. Properties of petroleum the elemental composition of petroleum is much less variable than that of coal. It is the result of an intensive multidisciplinary effort to assess the problems relating to petroleumderived hydrocarbons in the marine environment. The fluid catalytic cracking fcc slurry decant oil and its fractions were characterized.
Msds pdf download petroleum ether material safety data sheet navigation key 1. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. The chemical composition of the product can be further affected by weathering andor biological modification upon release to the environment. Mo content of calcined cokes studied varies less in the large of 53. Petroleum jelly or petrolatum was discovered as a paraffinlike material coating oil rigs. Characterization of crude oils and refined petroleum products in a release situation is one of the earliest response tasks that must be undertaken. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Petroleum, or crude oil as it is now usually referred too when raw, contains several chemical compounds, the most prolific being the hydrocarbons themselves which give the petroleum composition its combustible nature.
Speight 2476 overland road, laramie, wy 820704808, usa keywords. An introduction to petroleum refining and the production of ultra low sulfur gasoline and diesel fuel prepared for. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. Jarullah physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Ep1026225a1 electrical and transformer oil composition. This information does not only help predict the physical behavior of crude oil in refinery units but also gives insight into its chemical composition. Chemical composition and fuel properties of alternative. Pdf chemical composition and nutritive value of peach. The exact molecular composition varies widely from formation to formation but the proportion of chemical elements vary over fairly narrow limits as follows. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight element percent range carbon 83 to 87% hydrogen 10 to 14% nitrogen 0. The uses of petroleum as a source of raw material in manufac turing are central to the functioning of modern industry. Mitchell, editor iii facilities and construction engineering kenneth e. Petroleum chemistry publishes articles on these topics from members of the scientific community of the former soviet union.
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